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Reasonable Rascal
11-02-02, 21:10
Making A Case for Customer Service - Part I

Over the years I have often heard of services that loudly proclaim their version of "customer service." This presumed "service" consists of such as after-service opinions and questionnaires, crews remaining in the ER to "assist" with patient care, or making sure the patient has a pillow under their head once they are deposited at the ER or bedside. Offering stuffed toys to child patients is very common, offering to carry large quantities of flowers and cards and gifts for hospital-stay patients returning to home or care centers (versus having them tossed or relying on family or friends to transport them) are also common tactics. In my opinion all of these, save for the "Care Bear" toys for kids, should be part and parcel of every basic transport. As in just part of the care or common decency. After all our business is dealing with people, not livestock.

Let me tell you what my former service, Ringgold County EMS, came up with and the effects it had on our operations. Granted, as a hospital-based service we did enjoy certain advantages and cost-savings but the techniques can apply to any agency intent of boosting performance, customer satisfaction, and improving overall outcomes.

First, we changed uniforms. Okay, so that doesn't sound like a customer service but bear with me.

When I arrived as Director the service was composed of volunteers. Uniforms consisted of orange or navy Dyna-Med shirts with the service name embroidered across the shoulders. That - provided the EMT bothered to don one - plus whatever else they were wearing at the time. The result was that an ambulance showed up staffed with 2-4 people that looked like someone stopped by a street corner and grabbed whom ever was standing there at the time. Hardly intended to inspire patient confidence. After all, our society is conditioned to regard qualified healthcare providers as uniformed in a recognizable manner. Nurses may no longer wear whites but they do wear at least colored scrubs. Scrubs work well in the clinical environment but not on the street.

What we adopted after a time were navy EMT pants with leg pockets for all those nice things we otherwise don't/can't carry in our civilian clothes, and light blue security-style shirts with navy epaulets, tabbed with plaid slip-over tabs. RCEMS was based in a community with a strong Scottish heritage, so it added to the sense of identity and served to distinguish us from similar-uniformed agencies when we made transfers to regional hospitals. Shoes or boots were to be clean, polished or suede, black, brown, or blue in the case of the nylon/suede combinations. Simple nametags that didn't reek of rookie-wannabe, first name only along with certification level, were added later as experience showed people relate better to someone they "know" vs. an unnamed stranger.

Finally, we added shoulder patches. One was a generic county-wide EMS patch that even the First responders could wear, as we were eventually a semi-combined county-wide system. The other was the state-approved certification level patch. Simple, uniform, standard and easily identified from a distance as they were color-coded.

Later we made changes to the manner in which we dressed our cots. Instead of simple flat sheets that always hung down underneath the mattress no matter how often you tucked the corners up, we made our own fitted cot sheets. Much neater, less to trip over in the confined floor space of the ambulance interior, and more professional looking. Even adding labor costs they were far less than ready-made fitted cot sheets from Ferno-Washington and other companies. Later we took this one step further, but I'll get to that in a minute.

Also added were cot quilts, the 2-sided-with fold-up footpiece that is an industry standard. They are a serious improvement over bath blankets, which, by the way, were never intended for an Iowa much less a farther north winter. We did find they are not long lasting though as the washing/drying cycle tends to cause the Velcro fasteners to snag the nylon covers and tear them up. The nylon itself is cold to the touch. Try it sometime. Nylon fabric is a poor heat retainer.

We eventually solved the pre-mature wearing of the quilts by the simple expedient of refurbishing them. We had a seamstress cover them with a cotton flannel plaid that matched our epaulet tabs. Granted we lost the Velcro closures but after a time we found that didn't matter. The flannel was warmer to the touch, and the plaid was found by a majority of people to be very pleasing to the eye. It hid dirt well so that even MVA traumas didn't roll in looking like they'd bled out a few gallons all over the linens. Some may have but the plaid downplayed things when you were trying to get past onlookers who'd gathered while you were still at the scene. These were the ones waiting at the ER doors, BTW. Amazing thing, that grapevine.

Mattresses were looked at. After testing including ride-alongs by crewmembers and questioning frequent transport patients - usually long-term invalids - we decided that the bolstered mattresses were both more comfortable as well as more reassuring to the patient. They felt that they were less likely to roll off the narrow cot. Later still we added cut-to-fit pieces of foam egg crate mattress to soften further the ride. If perchance they got soiled they were merely disposed of. Otherwise they were placed under the sheet and never came on contact with the patient. Infectious cases had theirs tossed each time. Overall cost was about $2.00 per strip as we could easily get 3 strips for foam mattress pad.

Then came the issue of pillows. We use pillows to position orthopneic patients, to splint extremities, and for basic comfort. Have you ever tried the smallish, disposable ER pillows that are much the fashion these days? Compare the number it would take to position a "3-pillow" orthopnea. Try a dozen, perhaps more since they have very little loft. They only good thing you can say about them is they are cheap if lost, and take very little space in the cabinets.

So, being the spendthrift administrator that I was I ordered brand new semi-plump pillows. If we lost them we were out some bux, true, but only a few. In the end it they fit as pieces of a larger puzzle. You have to weigh investment vs. return over time, not just a matter of weeks or even months. If you have the smoothest riding rig in the state, the nicest linens, the best care as measured 16 ways from Sunday, the brightest medics and the lowest rates going, all the patient is going to remember are the holes in your bridge planking. In other words the flat, do-nothing, or lumpy-as-bad-gravy pillow they had to rest their head on, or to elevate their thrombosed leg. The same as all they will remember is the IV stick was rough because you used the square needle, though your ALS care literally saved their life.

Just to take stock of where we are at for a minute here, let's quickly review. We have thus far:

1. Bolstered mattresses
2. Egg-crate foam mattress overlays
3. Flannel covered cot quilts
4. Fitted cot sheets
5. Semi-plump pillows worthy of the name
6. Well uniformed personnel

So far seems like we should have a very professional looking set-up. I agree, and most services would stop there. But we still had holes amongst the planks on that bridge we were trying to build. The one between being a mediocre service and state-of-the-art as it were. I'll save that for the next part of this thread.

Reasonable Rascal
11-05-02, 03:29
There are of course other pieces to this puzzle, or rather planks in the bridge decking, as I prefer to liken the situation to. Good customer service, and good patient care, involves building a bridge across the chasm of pitfalls that constitutes the hazards of pre-hospital care. On one side of the river you have a patient. On the other side you have (hopefully) the definitive care system they require in order to affect a complete recovery. Almost every pre-hospital agency out there can deliver the patient. It is the condition of the patient upon arrival that we are concerned with. Having witnessed on many occasions over a 24 year career how well the family car or neighbor's pickup truck can effect physical transportation, if all we as EMS providers view ourselves as are transportation facilitators then we have already failed. It does not take months of training and hundreds of thousands of dollars in equipment and support to merely move an ill or injured person.

I'll use an example of what I am aiming at. Back in the late "80's - early 90's the Italians did a study of critical care patients. They found that during transportation the motion of the ambulance with its stop and go, slowing and accelerating caused variances in intra-cranial pressure. They further decided that as a result of their study that it was the position of the patient during transport, i.e. flat or at best with head of the cot slightly elevated, that caused this tendency. Though the vehicle itself, and hence the cot, obeyed the laws of mass in motion, the patients obeyed the laws of fluid in motion. The human body is, after all, largely fluid. Their solution was the S.T.E.M. system, which was a an electro-pneumo (their description) cot platform that caused the cot itself to ride in a modest but very gentle arc towards the front of the vehicle. This, they claimed, resulted in measurably less in the way of increased intra-cranial pressures. Whereas the vehicle may be forced to make a sudden stop the platform, cot and patient continued to move just enough that the tendency towards sudden increases in intra-cranial pressure were notably lessened.

Thus, what the Italians addressed was a concern insofar as how transportation affected the patient's medical condition in the physical sense. What they also discovered was that the patient was positively affected in the emotional sense as well. The ride on the S.T.E.M. system was simply more comfortable! Even if no actual ALS care was provided or called for the patient felt better about the care they received merely because they felt comfortable and safe. It's called attention to detail.

I am getting a bit ahead of myself here, because before we got to the point we were even considering S.T.E.M. and other such systems (German hydraulic table or the Canadian CrestRide system) we made other changes of a more basic nature.

First, we identified patient types. In other words what sort of requests generated the bulk of our calls. Keep in mind that when I started with RCEMS they had a 3-year history of 200 calls a year, varying by a high-low range of only 7 calls. Very low volume. This was as far as I could find logs for.

Long distance transfers (90 miles was average each way) were the bulk of the vehicle miles. The vehicles themselves were poorly maintained and had a widespread reputation for frequent breakdowns. In fact, when we did open house tours of the hospital one question asked of the ambulance service literally "How come you guys break down all the time?" Oh yeah, there's a reputation to build your customer base on. Implementing over time a comprehensive preventive maintenance program and defining "failures" we arrived at a mind-boggling 50% + failure rate for every single "mission." Using parameters such as high-performance systems like King County, Washington, Kansas City, Missouri and others do we'd have had to pull over and wait for a tow truck on over 50% of our responses, often before we even arrived at the scene!

Needless to say we didn't, but instead gritted our teeth and pushed on. Failures included engine overheating (not boil over but definitely in the zone that said your engine was cooking itself to death over time), air conditioning failures, transmission failures, and more. Any one is reason, when you place safety, vehicle care and patient care over other concerns.

On one occasion the primary unit dropped the torque converter as we were backing the unit into the garage while turning it around following a very urgent transport. In such cases we'd pull in head-first to save time and transfer the patient through the doors into the ER next door, clean up and reverse the vehicle later. Simply stated, we missed a complete, utterly undeniable stop-you-in-your-tracks failure in the middle of a life-threatening case mission by literally less than 100 feet of travel.

Another time we had a (fortunately fairly stable) cardiac transfer going to a regional hospital 90 miles away. A fan clutch of all things broke, less than 1,500 miles after being replaced the last time. The net effect of this is to cause such pull on the engine that top speed with a 460 cid gasoline engine held to the floor was 55 MPH. A helicopter service had to be called to make a scene flight to the Rest Area along the inter-state to continue transport as there were at that time (1989) no other paramedic services between our hospital and the one in Des Moines. EMT-Intermediate was the highest level of care offers by over a dozen services within 30 minutes or less of our travel route. Only a few even had defibrillators.

The lessen learned in this case was don't skimp on parts. A "national brand" replacement clutch was known for early failures, but gee! It cost $100 less than the OEM part. Yes, the part was covered by warranty but that didn't include $40/hr labor to replace it. Before all was said and done we went through several shops trying to find one that would fix the problem right the first time using quality parts. Higher cost up front but resulting in many thousands saved and tens of thousands gained in the long run. Whoops! Almost gave away the ending. Heh, heh, heh. We are working on that bridge, and vehicles are a very large set of planks for that bridge we are building. No vehicles no EMS no care.

After sinking a great deal of money down the vehicle rat hole we gave up and traded for a new vehicle. The older vehicle, an "82 Braun conversion with some 118,000 miles on it when acquire used in 1987, gave way to a 1990 Road Rescue Super Medic conversion. Much more room, safer design overall (gear was fixed in place during travel - we'd already seen what happened to lose equipment when an ambulance rolls, but that is the subject of an entirely new thread), diesel instead of gas, and then current automotive technology as it was applied to ambulances. By the time we had rid ourselves of the Braun we had invested $21,000 in a well used vehicle that we eventually got 21,000 miles out of for all purposes, including long drives to garages and time spent breaking in engines. We'd overhauled the engine twice during the time we had it - remember what I said earlier about hot engines eating themselves up - rebuilt the transmission, installed a new radiator, all new hoses throughout, belts, fan clutches, worn warning light bulbs (aircraft lights, rather pricey), purchased a full set of tires and more. We only counted final purchase and repair - not maintenance - costs when we came up with the $21,000 figure, and this was over a period of about 39 months.

So, we've looked at patient-types and decided that we needed reliable vehicles to address the missions called for. You might get by with overheating engines and lack of AC on a short response but when you routinely travel 90 miles each way with sometimes critical cases being physically able to effect transport is a very large part of the game. If you look back you'll see where I said "Almost every pre-hospital agency out there can deliver the patient." We were failing. Not always by any means but nevertheless more than often enough that the very people were serviced, and whose tax dollars we collected, knew us as unreliable and just so much dross.

In the next segment we'll look at other areas we changed, still staying with more or less basic care principals that of themselves are common enough.

cayoung
11-05-02, 11:17
Sounds like Rascal is still involved with the agency. Here;s a couple ideas to go along with them.

Pt Boredom. I've only done the ambulance ride once, and it was a short ride. But a 90 mile transport coulda been brain dead boring. Might want to put in a small TV in the back for the pt, and give him the clicker.

The second thing I remember was all the people I had to call. Family, church, etc. Wouldn't hurt to have a cell for the pt to make a couple calls.

I enjoyed reading the rest of the idea. Well thought out. I've found much the same with vehicle parts. I had a $20 set of ignition wires cost me about $400. The truck wouldn't run right, and I went and replaced everyting else (heck, new wires, it can't be that). Fuel pump, carbeurator, and so on. I oughta bought the $40 wires.

Nice to see someone taking the big picture overal view kind of thing.

Christopher Young
Rode in an ambulance once